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Moses (;〔("Moses" ). ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.〕 (ヘブライ語:מֹשֶׁה), Modern ' Tiberian ' ISO 259-3 '; ''Moushe''; (アラビア語:موسى) '; (ギリシア語:Mωϋσῆς) ' in both the Septuagint and the New Testament) is a prophet in Abrahamic religions. According to the Hebrew Bible, he was a former Egyptian prince who later in life became a religious leader and lawgiver, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed. Also called ''Moshe Rabbenu'' in Hebrew (, ''lit.'' "Moses our Teacher"), he is the most important prophet in Judaism.〔.〕 He is also an important prophet in Christianity and Islam, as well as a number of other faiths. The existence of Moses, as well as the veracity of the Exodus story, is disputed among archaeologists and Egyptologists, with experts in the field of biblical criticism citing logical inconsistencies, new archaeological evidence, historical evidence, and related origin myths in Canaanite culture.〔''The Quest for the Historical Israel: Debating Archeology and the History of Early Israel'', 2007, Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta, ISBN 978-1-58983-277-0.〕 Other historians maintain that the biographical details and Egyptian background attributed to Moses imply the existence of a historical political and religious leader who was involved in the consolidation of the Hebrew tribes in Canaan towards the end of the Bronze Age. According to the Book of Exodus, Moses was born in a time when his people, the Israelites, an enslaved minority, were increasing in numbers and the Egyptian Pharaoh was worried that they might ally with Egypt's enemies.〔Exodus 1:10〕 Moses' Hebrew mother, Jochebed, secretly hid him when the Pharaoh ordered all newborn Hebrew boys to be killed in order to reduce the population of the Israelites. Through the Pharaoh's daughter (identified as Queen Bithia in the Midrash), the child was adopted as a foundling from the Nile river and grew up with the Egyptian royal family. After killing an Egyptian slavemaster (because the slavemaster was smiting a Hebrew), Moses fled across the Red Sea to Midian, where he encountered the God of Israel speaking to him from within a "burning bush which was not consumed by the fire" on Mount Horeb (which he regarded as the Mountain of God). God sent Moses back to Egypt to demand the release of the Israelites from slavery. Moses said that he could not speak with assurance or eloquence,〔Exod. 4:10〕 so God allowed Aaron, his brother, to become his spokesperson. After the Ten Plagues, Moses led the Exodus of the Israelites out of Egypt and across the Red Sea, after which they based themselves at Mount Sinai, where Moses received the Ten Commandments. After 40 years of wandering in the desert, Moses died within sight of the Promised Land. Rabbinical Judaism calculated a lifespan of Moses corresponding to 1391–1271 (120 years) BCE;〔Seder Olam Rabbah〕 Jerome gives 1592 BCE,〔Jerome's ''Chronicon'' (4th century) gives 1592 for the birth of Moses〕 and Ussher 1571 BCE as his birth year.〔The 17th-century Ussher chronology calculates 1571 BC (''Annals of the World'', 1658 paragraph 164)〕 ==Name== Moses' name was given to him by Pharaoh's daughter: "He became her son, and she named him Moshe (Moses)".〔Exodus 2:10〕 This name may be either Egyptian or Hebrew. If connected to an Egyptian root, via ''msy'' "to be born" and ''ms'', "a son", it forms a wordplay: "he became her son, and she named him Son." There should, however, be a divine element to the name Moses (bearers of the Egyptian name are the "son of" a god, as in Thutmose, "son of Thoth"), and his full name may therefore have included the name of one of the Egyptian gods. Most scholars agree that the name is Egyptian, and that the Hebrew etymology is a later interpretation, but if the name is from a Hebrew root then it is connected to the verb "to draw out": "I drew him (''masha'') out of the water," states Pharaoh's daughter, possibly looking forward to Moses at the well in Midian, or to his role in saving Israel at the Red Sea. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moses」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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